Role of Thymosin α1 in Restoring Immune Response in Immunological Nonresponders Living with HIV

Plain-language summary

This 2024 study investigated the safety and efficacy of thymosin α1 in HIV-positive immunological nonresponders (INRs) — patients on antiretroviral therapy who fail to adequately rebuild CD4+ T-cell counts. Results indicated that thymosin α1 helped reconstitute T-cell immune responses, improving both naïve CD4+ and CD8+ T-cell proportions compared to baseline. The findings suggest thymosin α1 may offer a therapeutic strategy for a difficult-to-treat population at elevated risk of co-infection and malignancy.