Human evidence for BPC-157 in orthopaedic and regenerative medicine: a systematic review of efficacy and safety

Plain-language summary

This PRISMA-compliant systematic review searched Embase, PubMed, Cochrane Library, and ClinicalTrials.gov through June 2026 and identified three human studies meeting inclusion criteria. Across all three studies, most participants reported symptom improvement without treatment-related adverse events, though the evidence was rated very low certainty due to small sample sizes and methodological limitations. The authors conclude that BPC-157 should not be used clinically outside of ethically approved, regulated, high-quality clinical trials.